and MultiFinder are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Balloon Help, Finder,
MacroMaker, QuickDraw, ResEdit and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Table of contents
System 7 Overview 3
Installation 4
Transition 8
Compatibility 11
Finder 7.0 12
File Sharing 21
TrueType Fonts 27
Publish & Subscribe 33
InterApplication Communication Architecture 35
Virtual Memory 36
32-Bit Addressing 38
Networking 40
Miscellaneous 43
Q: What is new in System 7?
A: System 7 has many new features. These features bring powerful new capabilities and greater ease of use to Macintosh® computers. Here is a short list of some of the most important new features:
Finder 7.0 - Makes it even easier to access your information
File Sharing - Allows you to share files on your Macintosh computer with people on other computers
Virtual Memory - Allows you to run more software programs at the same time
TrueType™ Font Technology - Improve the quality of your type on-screen (and printed).
Multitasking - Allows your Macintosh computer to work on several tasks at once
Inter Application Communication - Applications can communicate (even across networks!) creating new ways of working with others and a smoother work flow.
Data Access - Enables programs to retrieve information for you from many sources
Q: Why should I upgrade to System 7?
A: Apple Computer, Inc. recommends that all Macintosh computer users upgrade to System 7. System 7 offers powerful new capabilities and greater ease of use to everyone who uses a Macintosh computer. System 7 contains many new features that customers can start using immediately after they install the software on their Macintosh computer.
(1) Fast Access to your information
System 7 offers a fast file find so you can easily locate your files. You can also access your most frequently used files, applications and folders from the Apple Menu. Folders can now be seen in an outline view so you can see several folders in one window at the same time. Another facility called aliases help you organize your hard disk just the way you want.
(2) Expanded Memory
With System 7, you can have more memory to run more applications through virtual memory and 32 bit addressing. With virtual memory, the computer uses part of your hard disk to increase the amount of physical memory actually installed in the system. For example, a 4 megabyte Macintosh computer appears to have 8 megabytes. With this additional memory, you can run more applications. 32 Bit Addressing allows people to access more than 8 megabytes of memory in their system.
(3) Improved Text
With TrueType fonts, you will have sharp looking text on both your screen and your printer.
(4) Share files on your Macintosh computer
File Sharing allows you to share your files with other people on the same network without dedicating a computer to act as a file server.
(5) Multitasking
System 7 lets you run several applications at the same time to make you more productive. For example, you can work on a memo while printing a spreadsheet.
All of the things mentioned above work without having to purchase a new application.
System 7 maintains and enhances your investment in your computer and your applications.
In addition, software developers are working on many new and powerful applications that take full advantage of System 7 features.
Q: What hardware (memory, etc.) do I need to run System 7?
A: System 7 runs on all Macintosh computers with two megabytes of RAM and a hard drive. If you have a Macintosh with a 68030 microprocessor (or a 68020 with a PMMU), you can also take advantage of virtual memory.
On a two megabyte Macintosh running System 7, you will have enough RAM (between 750K to 1024K) to run one moderate size productivity application such as a word processor or spreadsheet. Customers who have enjoyed a one megabyte Macintosh SE running System 6 should love a two megabyte Macintosh SE running System 7. They always have access to the desktop; they can use the great new features of System 7; and they still have even more memory for applications than they did under System 6. And, a Macintosh SE running System 7 is as fast as a Macintosh SE running System 6 and, in many important operations such as file copy, the System 7 Macintosh computer is actually faster.
Please note: sharing files with others (i.e. turning file sharing on) reduces the memory available for applications by about 200k. Using on-board video on Macintosh IIsi and Macintosh IIci can use up over 300k of memory when your monitor is set to 8 bits of color.
How you use your Macintosh computer affects how much memory you will want. Since every Macintosh customer uses their system differently, it is difficult to provide specific memory recommendations for everyone.
Taking advantage of other specific features of System 7 may require other hardware such as a network, color monitor, etc.
Q: Does System 7 run on a 68000 based Macintosh like the Plus, SE, Classic and Portable?
A: Yes. System 7 runs on all Macintosh computers.
With the exception of the expanded memory capabilities, System 7 runs in its entirety on Macintosh Plus, SE, Classic, and Portable.
Q: Which System 7 upgrade kit should I buy?
A: System 7 will be available through Apple Dealers in two unique types of kits:
System 7 Personal Upgrade Kit -
Because System 7 offers so many new features and capabilities, many users will want to have the System 7 User Manuals, System 7 software and other tools offered in the System 7 Personal Upgrade Kit. This kit is perfect for a single user to upgrade to System 7.
System 7 Group Upgrade Kit -
Network administrators and users who support a group of Macintosh computers will want to purchase the System 7 Group Upgrade Kit. This kit offers all the features of the Personal Kit plus valuable information and tools on how to plan/implement/manage a group transition to System 7. This kit contains System 7 as well as other software on a CD-ROM.
The System 7 manuals will also be available to purchase at dealers in "5 packs".
Like all previous versions of Macintosh System Software, System 7 will be also available in many other ways. Users will be able to get the System Software 7 through User Groups, Electronic Bulletin Boards, etc.
Personal Upgrade Kit (Order #M8220LL/A):
How to Install System 7 - Manual
What's New in System 7 - Manual
Macintosh Reference - Manual
Macintosh Networking Reference - Manual
HyperCard Basics 2.1 - Manual
System Software 7 - eight 800K Disks
Before You Install - one 800K Disk
HyperCard 2.1 - two 800K Disks
Macintosh Networking Basics - one 800K Disk
Group Upgrade Kit (Order #M8221LL/A):
System 7: Group Upgrade Guide - Manual
What's New in System 7 - Manual
Macintosh Reference - Manual
Macintosh Networking Reference - Manual
HyperCard Basics 2.1 - Manual
System 7 CD-ROM
System Software 7 - eight 800K Disks
Before You Install - one 800K Disk
HyperCard 2.1 - two 800K Disks
Macintosh Networking Basics - one 800K Disk
Macintosh CD SetUp - one 800K Disk
System 7 User Documentation Pack (5 pack) (Order #M8223LL/A)
How to Install System 7 - Manual
What's New in System 7 - Manual
Macintosh Reference - Manual
Macintosh Networking Reference - Manual
Q: When will I be able to purchase a System 7 Upgrade Kit?
A: Customers will be able to purchase either the System 7 Personal Upgrade Kit and the System 7 Group Upgrade Kit after May 13th, 1991 at any Apple Dealer.
Q: When will I be able to purchase a Macintosh that already has System 7.0 in the box?
A: Effective August 15, 1991 Apple resellers will have System 7.0 available in-the-box for the all the Macintosh computers with 2 Megabytes and a hard disk.
Until System 7.0 is in the box, new Macintosh purchasers will be able to receive a System 7.0 "mini" Upgrade Kit. This "mini" kit will be offered by a coupon that is attached to the outside of CPUs. The customer completes this postage-paid coupon and mails it to Apple to receive their "mini" kit.
The coupons will be valid for Macintosh CPU purchases made between May 1, 1991 and December 31, 1991. All coupons must be received prior to January 15th, 1992.
The contents of this "mini" kit are:
• Software
System 7.0 (six 1.4M disks)
HyperCard 2.1 (one 1.4M disk)
Before You Install System 7 (one 800K disk)
• Manuals
How to Install System 7
What's New in System 7
Macintosh Reference
Q: How do I install System 7?
A: System 7 ships with an application that will install System 7 onto your Macintosh computer. The "Installer" application is designed to make upgrading to System 7 easy.
To upgrade your Macintosh to System 7 using floppy disks:
1) Turn your Macintosh computer off
2) Insert System 7's "Install 1" disk into your Macintosh computer
3) Turn your Macintosh computer on
4) Click "OK" after reading the "Welcome to the Installer" notice
5) If you have more than 1 hard disk, use the "Switch Disk" button to select the hard disk of your choice.
6) Click the Easy Install button
7) The installer will instruct you to insert the remaining System 7 floppy disks
To upgrade your Macintosh computer to System 7 using an AppleShare® File Server:
1) Connect the an AppleShare File Server containing System 7
2) double-click on the Installer application in the "Install 1" folder
3) Click "OK" after reading the "Welcome to the Installer" notice
4) If you have more than 1 hard disk, use the "Switch Disk" button to select the hard disk of your choice.
5) Click the Easy Install button
By using the Easy Install button, the installer will automatically update your Macintosh computer to System 7. Easy Install will also check to see what printer drivers and EtherTalk/TokenTalk drivers are present in your System Folder. If it locates a printer driver and/or network driver that should be updated, it will do so automatically.
Note: it is not possible to "drag-install" system 7. The System 7 Installer must be used to install system software.
Q: Can I upgrade my Macintosh computer to System 7 over a network?
A: Yes. You can upgrade your Macintosh computer over an AppleTalk® network system. Your network administrator must have loaded the System 7 installation software onto a file server and made that software available to you. To upgrade your Macintosh computer to System 7, run the installer from the server. It is not possible to remotely upgrade all Macintosh computers on a network from one central Macintosh computer.
REQUIREMENTS
To upgrade your Macintosh computer over the network, you must have the AppleShare Workstation Client software installed on your machine. The Client software is a standard part of System 6.0.7. You can tell whether the Client software is installed on your machine by opening the Chooser and confirming that the AppleShare icon is available in the upper left panel of the Chooser window. Check with your network administrator for additional details.
PROCEDURE
(1) Ask your network administrator the name of the file server and volume where the installation software is located.
(2) Use the Chooser desk accessory to connect to the file server/volume in step (1).
(3) On the server volume, locate the folder containing the installer program
(4) Open the installer program
(5) In the installer program, choose your hard disk and click Install.
Q: Can I upgrade another Macintosh from my own machine over the network?
A: No. While it is possible to install System 7 on a Macintosh computer over the network, it is not possible to force the installation of System 7 on all other Macintosh computers on the network. To upgrade multiple Macintosh computers concurrently, it is necessary to initiate the installation from each Macintosh computer.
Q: What is the recommended upgrade strategy for groups of Macintosh computers?
A: Apple Computer's recommended upgrade strategy for groups of Macintosh computers is contained in the System 7 Group Upgrade Guide. This guide is an integral part of the System 7 Group Upgrade Kit which contains all the tools and necessary information on how to plan/implement/manage a group transition to System 7. This kit contains System 7 software as well as other software on disks and on a CD-ROM.
Network administrators and users who support a group of Macintosh computers will want to purchase the System 7 Group Upgrade Kit.
Q: What is “Before You Install System 7”?
A: Before You Install System 7 is a HyperCard stack that is designed to be run on every Macintosh prior to the installation of System 7. Before You Install has two sections: "What's New in System 7" and "The System 7 Compatibility Checker".
"What's New In System 7": A stack that will introduce some of System 7's many new features in a "tour-like" environment. Users can see "What's New" with the Apple Menu, the Control Panel Folder, TrueType and many other of System 7's features.
"The Compatibility Checker": The Compatibility Checker stack will scan your hard disk checking the compatibility of your third-party applications, Control Panels and StartUp Documents against a database of compatibility information provided to Apple by the developers of the software.
You will find Before You Install System 7 in the Personal Upgrade Kit and the Group Upgrade kit.
Q: What files does the Compatibility Checker actually check on my hard disk?
A: The Compatibility Checker checks the compatibility of:
Applications
StartUp Documents (INITs)
Control Panel Documents (CDEVs)
Chooser Selectable devices (RDEVs)
Q: Where did Apple get the "compatibility" information in the "Compatibility Checker"?
A: All compatibility information used by the "Compatibility Checker" came from the developer of the product.
Q: Does the Compatibility Checker work after I've upgraded to System 7?
A: Yes
Q: What version of HyperCard should I use to run the “Before You Install System 7” stacks?
A: Before You Install System 7 was designed to work with:
HyperCard 1.2.2
HyperCard 1.2.5
HyperCard 2.0
HyperCard 2.1
Different versions of Hypercard work with different versions of System Software. If you are unsure about which version of Hypercard to run with the version of System Software on your Macintosh, please consult the “Read Me” file on the “Before You Install” disk.
Q: How do I revert back to System 6 after installing System 7?
A: Before upgrading to System 7, Apple recommends that users take a few minutes and backup their hard disk using any of backup/restore products available for Macintosh computers. Only by backing up your hard disk prior to the installation of System 7, will users will be able to revert to their pre-System 7 System Folder.
Please do not attempt to install System 6 over System 7.
To remove System 7 from your hard disk, Apple recommends booting from a System 6 "System Tools" floppy disk and dragging the System 7 "System Folder" from you hard disk into the trash.
After completing this step you can restore your System 6 "System Folder" from a backup, or install from the "System Tools" floppy.
Q: What should I do to prepare for System 7?
A: Apple Computer, Inc. recommends that you do the following things in preparation for System 7:
• Use "The System 7 Compatibility Checker" section of the HyperCard stack "Before you install System 7". The Compatibility Checker stack will scan your hard disk checking the compatibility of your third-party applications, Control Panels and StartUp Documents against a database of compatibility information provided to Apple by the developers of the software. You will find "Before You Install System 7" in the Personal Upgrade Kit and the Group Upgrade kit. Apple Computer, Inc. also distribute a final compatibility report for System 7 in the Upgrade Kits.
• Upgrade to the current versions of your application software
• Familiarize yourself with MultiFinder
• If you use EtherTalk, Apple recommends you to upgrade your routers and EtherTalk drivers to Phase II
• Review this Q&A and other System 7 information from Apple Computer, Inc.
Q: Will users running System 7 and users running System 6 be able to share the same printer (e.g. LaserWriter)?
A: Yes.
The System 7 printer drivers operate on Macintosh computers running System 6 as well as on Macintosh computers running System 7. When all computers printing to the same printer use System 7 printer drivers, they can compatibly share a printer. As a result, Apple recommends that System 6 computers sharing printers with system 7 users should be upgraded to the System 7 printer software. This will allow LaserWriter compatibility between both systems.
To install the LaserWriter 7 driver on a System 6 machine:
By Floppy:
1) Insert the System 7 "Printing" disk (800k and 1.4 Meg). You do not need to boot off this disk. Place it in the drive of the currently running CPU you wish to update. This installation occurs "live" on your current system.
2) Double click on the "Printer Update" icon.
3) Double Click on "Install".
4) The System 7 printing software is now being installed on your system
5) After choosing "Quit" your system has been updated to the System 7 printing software and is immediately ready to print in a System 7 environment.
Over the network:
1) Ask your network administrator where the "Printer Update" installer is located on your network and go to that folder
2) Locate and double click on the "Printer Update" icon.
3) Double Click on "Install".
4) The System 7 printing software is now being installed on your system
5) After choosing "Quit" your system has been updated to the System 7 printing software and is immediately ready to print in a System 7 environment.
After installation, open the Chooser and select the appropriate printer. If a dialog box appears asking if you wish to initialize the printer, click on "Yes". Make sure that all the users on the network using this printer are running either System 7 or have updated their printing software to System 7.
Q: Will the 6.0 LaserWriter driver work with System 7?
A: No. It is important that different versions of System Software or files of different versions not be mixed unless otherwise noted. Mixing versions can cause system crashes, erroneous system behavior and even data corruption.
Apple recommends that customers only install system software using the provided Installer tool unless otherwise specified. Drag installing is not recommended and may result in important files not being installed properly.
Q: I’ve installed System 7 and it bombs. What should I do?
A: If your system bombs, please proceed as follows:
1) Restart your Macintosh computer while holding down the shift key and release it when you see the desktop appear. This action causes most of your start up documents (INITs) and control panel devices (CDEVs) to not be loaded when the system is booted. Now open your System Folder and remove all of your Startup Documents (INITS) and Control Panels (cDEVS) by placing them in a separate folder outside of the System Folder. Examine the INITs and verify that you are using the most current version. Contact the developer of the product to determine which is the most current version.
If your Macintosh computer still does not boot, please refer to step 2.
2) Re-boot from one of the System 7 floppies or from one of your own System 6 floppies. In the System 7 disk suite, the bootable floppy is the "Disk Tools" disk (both 800K and 1.4M). Now open your System Folder and remove all of your Startup Documents (INITS) and Control Panels (cDEVS) by placing them in a separate folder outside of the System Folder. Examine the Startup Documents (INITS) and Control Panels (cDEVS) and verify that you are using the most current version. Contact the developer of the product to determine which is the most current version.
If your Macintosh computer still does not boot, please refer to step 3.
3) Re-boot from one of the System 7 floppies or from one of your own System 6 floppies. In the System 7 disk suite, the bootable floppy is the "Disk Tools" disk (both 800K and 1.4M). Now make a copy of your old System Folder and give it an appropriate name (ie.Old System Folder 5/13/91). Drag the System Folder you just made a copy of into the Trash to throw it away. Now do a "clean" install of the software by following the installation guidelines in your Macintosh Reference.
If your Macintosh computer still does not boot, please contact your dealer.
Trouble Shooting Hints
After you have removed the INITs/CDEVs take each one, one by one, and drag it to the System Folder and restart. If the system bombs again, you will be able to tell which INIT/CDEV or combination of INITs/CDEVs, is causing the crash.
Q: Are my applications compatible with System 7?
A: System 7 is proving to be very compatible with most applications. If you are using an older version of an application, now is a good time to upgrade to the current version.
Use "The System 7 Compatibility Checker" section of the HyperCard stack "Before you install System 7". The Compatibility Checker stack will scan your hard disk checking the compatibility of your third-party applications, Control Panels and StartUp Documents against a database of compatibility information provided to Apple by the developers of the software. You will find "Before You Install System 7" in the Personal Upgrade Kit and the Group Upgrade kit.
Apple Computer, Inc. will also distribute a final compatibility report for System 7 in the Upgrade Kits.
Please be aware that Apple and developers are focusing the majority of the compatibility effort on current versions of application.
Q: Are all my "Startup Documents" (INITs) and Control Panels (CDEVs) compatible with System 7?
A: System 7 is proving to be highly compatible with recent/current version of popular INITs and CDEVs. Now is a good time to look in your System Folder and examine the Startup Document (INITs) and Control Panel Devices (CDEVs). If you are sure that you no longer use any file listed as a “Startup Document” or “Control Panel Device”, it’s a good idea to move it out of your System Folder. As with applications, if you are using an older version of an INIT or CDEV now is a good time to contact the developer about upgrading to a newer version.
Use "The System 7 Compatibility Checker" section of the HyperCard stack "Before you install System 7" to check the compatibility of your third-party Control Panels and StartUp Documents against a database of compatibility information provided to Apple by the developers of the software. You will find "Before You Install System 7" in the Personal Upgrade Kit and the Group Upgrade kit.
Apple Computer, Inc. will also distribute a final compatibility report for System 7 in the Upgrade Kits.
Please be aware that the majority of the compatibility testing being done by Apple Computer, Inc. and by developers is being done on recent/current versions of 3rd party products.
Q: Can I use the Virtual Memory feature of System 7 if I have a 3rd party accelerator for my Mac Plus/Mac SE/Mac Classic?
A: No. The virtual memory feature of system 7 is only available on Macintosh II-class computers equipped with a 68030 microprocessor or equivalent. System 7 Virtual Memory was written for Macintosh II class Macintosh computers (and more specifically the Mac II class ROMs). Please contact the developer of your accelerator for additional information.
Q: Are third-party hard disks compatible with System 7?
A: Yes. Virtually all of the third-party hard disks tested by Apple are compatible with System 7. If you have a question about a specific third-party hard disk, please contact the vendor.
Q: What is the System 7 compatible version of the Apple CD-ROM INIT?
A: Please use version 3.1 or greater of the Apple CD-ROM INIT when using System 7.
The 3.1 version of CD-ROM software can be found on the System 7.0 CD-ROM or on the Macintosh CD SetUp disk in the System 7 Group Upgrade Kit.
To install the CD-ROM software upgrade to System 7 and then use the installer on the Macintosh CD SetUp disk.
Q: What version of HyperCard should I use with System 7?
A: Claris recommends HyperCard 2.1 for use with System 7.
Q: What is new in Finder™ 7.0?
A: Finder 7.0 has many refinements and improvements which make Macintosh even easier to use than before.
Some of the new features in Finder 7.0 include:
The ability to put applications and documents into the Apple menu
A Find command which allows you to quickly locate files
The ability to run multiple applications simultaneously
The ability to copy files, print and perform other work in the background
A color interface for Macintoshes supporting color
Complete on-line Help using System 7's new Balloon Help
Improved window handling
More flexible ways to view files
Better ways of organizing the information on your hard disk
The ability to access information regardless of where it's located
See the "What's New is System 7" guide for more details.
Q: Will MultiFinder always be turned on in System 7?
A: With System 7, multitasking (previously known as MultiFinder) has been integrated into the system. With multitasking, you can work with several programs at the same time and even do several things concurrently such as working while printing to an Apple LaserWriter. For instance, you could work in a word processing document while downloading a file and recalculating a spreadsheet and printing a large document at the same time.
Q: Is System 7 a multitasking operating system?
A: Yes. System 7 is a multitasking operating system. With multitasking, people can work with several programs at the same time and even do some operations concurrently such as work while printing or copying files or recalculating a spreadsheet. With several programs running and available, people get more effective use out of their Macintosh computer.
In System 7, background printing and background copying of files are standard features. Consult your software developer for details on other multitasking capabilities.
At a more technical level, multitasking is the ability to perform a number of tasks concurrently. System 7 uses a cooperative multitasking implementation to run several applications concurrently while preforming tasks in the background.
Q: Why can't I open a document under System 7 that I could open under System 6?
A: Because applications share available memory, your application may not have enough memory to open your document. You can easily increase the amount of memory that your application uses with System 7 so that you can open and work with any of your existing documents.
PROCEDURE TO INCREASE APPLICATION MEMORY
(1) Quit the application
(2) Find and select the application
(3) Choose Get Info from the file menu in the Finder.
(4) At the bottom there is a box labeled- Application Memory Size. The number in this box is the amount of memory (e.g. 1024K) used by the application when you run it.
(5) To increase the memory for this application, change the number in the Application Memory Size box. For example, if you are running a Macintosh computer with 4 megabytes, you might increase the number to anything up to about 3000K. Consult your application's manual for specific recommendations.
Q: What should I do when I get the message "there is not enough memory to open this application"?
A: Under System 7, applications share memory with each other. Sometimes you need to determine how much memory an application should be allowed to use.
To determine the memory allocation, select "About this Macintosh" from the Apple Menu. This dialog box will display the applications you are currently running and how much memory each application is using. The dialog box also shows how much memory is available for opening new applications (Largest Unused Block).
The "not enough memory" dialog appears when the application you are trying to open wants more memory than the "Largest Unused Block".
The amount of memory taken up by "System Software" in the "About this Macintosh" dialog depends on several factors such as how many fonts you have in your system, whether you have file sharing turned on, and how many system extensions (INITs) you have in your System folder.
STEPS TO FOLLOW TO INCREASE AVAILABLE MEMORY
(1) To run your application, you should first try to free up as much memory as possible. To do this, quit some of all running applications. To quit an application, choose it from the Application menu in the upper right corner of your screen and then choose Quit from the File menu. After you have quit, the "Largest Unused Block" (free memory available) in the "About this Macintosh" dialog should be a larger number.
(2) Try running your application again. If you still can't open your application, continue quitting other applications.
(3) If you still get an "out of memory" error, and you have a Mac IIx, IIcx, IIci, IIfx, IIsi or Mac LC you may want to turn Virtual Memory on in the Memory Control Panel (or increase the amount of virtual memory in use). Virtual Memory increases your computer's memory by treating a part of your hard drive as additional memory. After you restart your machine this will increase the free memory available for your applications.
(4) If you do not have Virtual Memory or still do not have enough memory to run your application, you may need to decrease the amount of memory the application is allowed to use when it runs. To do this, select the icon of the application and choose "Get Info" from the the File menu. You can change the number "Current Size" in order to make it smaller than the available free memory (Largest Unused Block). Apple recommends that the current size not be set smaller than the "Suggested Size" also in the "Get Info" dialog box.
(5) If you need to run several applications together and you don't have enough memory to run them, you may need to purchase more RAM memory for your computer.
Q: What is the role of the Extensions folder?
A: The Extensions folder inside the System 7 System Folder contains system extensions (previously known as INITs), and miscellaneous software additions to your Macintosh computer such as printer drivers and network drivers.
The Extensions folder is the first place that the system looks when loading system extensions at boot time.
System 7 implements a new capability for automatic installation for system resources.
When the user drags a system extension [INIT], control panel, font or a Desk Accessory onto the icon of the System Folder, the system will automatically determine where the resource should go and place it there. If you drag a system extension [INIT] onto the icon of the system folder, it will be placed in the Extensions folder.
Q: What is the role of the Preference folder?
A: The Preferences Folder is a folder inside the System Folder. It provides as a standard place for applications to store their special files such as dictionaries, preference files, option files, settings files, resume files, etc. You should not have any need to access this folder.
Q: Can I move a hard disk between a Macintosh computer running System 6 and a Macintosh computer running System 7?
A: Yes. You can move hard drives between Macintosh computers running system 6 and system 7. When a hard disk is moved from System 6 to System 7, you will see a dialog box during bootup stating that "This disk is being updated for new system software". This process does not touch any data on your disk but means the system is creating a new System 7 desktop on that hard disk. Afterwards, you may use your hard disk as usual.
When a hard disk is moved from System 7 back to System 6, you will notice a few differences under System 6. First, you should rebuild the desktop of the hard disk by holding down the command and option keys while booting the Finder. If you don't do this, the first time you go back to System 6, some icons may not appear properly. You may also notice two new folders which appear on your hard disk under System 6 which were not present under System 7. The first of these is the Desktop folder which will contain any items which you placed on the desktop under System 7. The second folder you will see under System 6 is the Trash folder. This folder will contain any items which were dragged to the Trash (but not emptied)under System 7.
Moving a disk between System 6 and System 7 is safe and will not damage any data.
Locked media created under System 7 cannot be mounted under System 6 until they are unlocked.
Q: Will my System 6 desk accessories work under System 7?
A: Yes, virtually all desk accessories written for System 6 run under System 7.
To use a System 6 desk accessory, you first need to take it out of its suitcase.
(1) Locate the desk accessory. It should appear in a file that has a suitcase icon.
(2) Open the suitcase icon by selecting it and choosing Open from the File menu
(3) The suitcase will open into a window and show the desk accessory inside.
(4) Drag the desk accessory out of the window and onto your hard drive. The desk accessory can be placed anywhere on your hard drive you would like. If you want to access the desk accessory from the Apple Menu, you can place the desk accessory in the Apple Menu Items folder.
Some desk accessories such as spell checkers and art effects will need special installation procedures to work properly with System 7 (they must be installed in the system file). Please check with the software developer for additional details on using these desk accessories with System 7.
Q: Do Desk Accessories have to be in the Apple Menu Items folder?
A: No. You may place and use your Desk Accessories anywhere on your hard disk (including the desktop or in the Apple Menu Items).
PUTTING A DESK ACCESSORY INTO THE APPLE MENU
If you want to put a desk accessory into the Apple menu, drag the desk accessory onto the System Folder icon. Your desk accessory will automatically be placed in the Apple Menu Items folder.
MOVING A DESK ACCESSORY FROM THE APPLE MENU TO THE DESKTOP
If you want to remove a desk accessory from the Apple Menu and put it on the desktop instead, follow these steps:
(1) Open your System Folder
(2) Locate and open the Apple Menu Items folder
(3) Locate the desired desk accessory and drag it out of the Apple Menu Items and onto the desktop.
USING A DESK ACCESSORY FROM SYSTEM 6
You may find that older desk accessories appear in desk accessory suitcases. To use this desk accessories, open the suitcase by double-clicking on it, and drag the desk accessory out of the suitcase window. You can now use the desk accessory.
Q: How are INITs loaded in System 7?
A: In System 7 INITs are now referred to as system extensions. The system looks for extension in three places when loading them at boot time. First it looks in the Extensions folder (located in the System Folder), then it looks in the Control Panels folder (also inside the System Folder), and finally it loads any extensions it finds in the root level of the System Folder itself.
Q: Is it possible to disable system extensions (INITs)?
A: Yes. If your machine crashes when you first turn it on or if you are experiencing unexpected behavior with an application or your desktop, you may have one or more System Extensions (INITs) that are incompatible with System 7 or with each other.
If you suspect that problems you are experiencing with your system are due to extensions loaded in your System Folder, Extensions folder, or Control Panels folder, you can temporarily disable them by holding down the shift key as you boot your machine.
After you have booted your Macintosh while holding down the shift key, you can remove any extensions which may be causing problems. The next time you reboot all of your extensions will be loaded as normal.
Holding down the shift key will turn off ALL extensions which may cause other things on your system not to work. You should only do this when you think a newly added extension is the cause of your problems. Some system extensions are an essential part of your Macintosh computer and are needed to share files, access file servers, access CD-ROMs, etc.
Q: Do INITs go in the "Startup Items" folder?
A: No. INITs (now called system extensions) should be placed inside the Extensions folder or at the root level of the System Folder.
To have applications, documents, control panels, desk accessories, or aliases to any of these things automatically opened when you turn on your Macintosh computer, simply put the items you want opened into the "Startup Items" folder inside the System Folder.
Q: What should I do if my INIT does not work in the Extensions folder?
A: INITs which do not work when loaded to the Extensions folder should be moved to the root level of the System Folder. Some INITs written for System 6 expect to be at the same folder level as the System file.
To put an INIT into the root level of the System Folder without having it automatically routed to the extensions folder, open the System Folder and drag the init into the open window of the System Folder(not the icon of the System Folder). Automatic routing only occurs when you drop something onto the icon of the System Folder.
Q: Will aliases work with disks which are not currently available on my desktop?
A: Yes. When an alias to an icon is opened, and the icon that alias points to is on a disk which is not available on the desktop, the Macintosh computer will ask you to insert the disk.
In the case of floppy disks, CD-ROMs, and removable hard disks, the user will be asked to insert the disk which contains the target of the alias. If a hard disk is attached and turned on, but not on the desktop, opening the alias will mount that disk.
If the alias points to something on an unavailable file server or to another Macintosh computer using System 7 File Sharing, the server will be automatically mounted on the desktop. If you were signed on as a registered user when the alias was created, you will be prompted for a password.
Q: Can I mail an alias with an E-Mail program?
A: No. The standard open dialog box that is normally used to enclosed documents in an e-mail letter will not allow you to enclose an alias file.
Q: Can I have an alias to a file located on a file server?
A: Yes. Opening the alias will open the file on the file server.
When an alias points to an icon which is on a file server, but the file server is not currently on your desktop, opening that alias will automatically make that file server available to your desktop. If you were signed on as a registered user when the alias was created, you will be prompted for the user's password.
Apple has provided hooks for other file server products which do not support the AppleTalk Filing Protocol. You should expect to see new versions of these products supporting aliases in the near future.
Q: Can I boot my Macintosh computer from a file server by putting aliases to the server's system and Finder files on my Macintosh computer?
A: No. Aliases will not provide this functionality.
Q: Do aliases work in System 6?
A: No. Aliases are not supported under System 6. You will be able to see the Alias file under System 6 but they are inoperable.
Q: If I delete a file, what happens to any aliases which point at the deleted file?
A: Nothing. The next time you try to open the alias, you will receive an alert saying that the original item could not be found. If you later place an icon with the same name in the same location, the alias will find the new icon.
Q: When I delete an alias, does it delete the original file?
A: No. Aliases and the files they point to are independent files. When you rename, move, delete, or change the label of an alias you are only modifying the alias, not the target file to which it points.
Q: Can different users have their own view of a shared folder?
A: No. The view of shared folder is controlled by the owner of that folder.
Q: How can I do a Find with several criteria?
A: You may do this through the "Find..." dialog click on the "More Options" button. Select the first criteria you wish to search and check "all at once". Click the Find button. After all the files meeting the first criteria are found and selected, choose Find, More Options, enter the second criteria , and select "Search: the selected items". Click the Find button.
Only those items which meet both criteria will remain selected. You can repeat this procedure to narrow the search down as much as you need.
Q: What is stationery? How can I use it? Does it work with all applications?
A: Stationery is a System 7 feature which allows you to create "template" documents. For example, if you have a memo form that you use frequently, you can create a stationery document that gives you a fresh version of the memo every time you open it.
Stationery works with all applications. Some applications are stationery-aware and will let you specify whether a document should be treated as stationery when you first save the document using the "Save As..." command. Although other applications are not stationery-aware, there is another way provided to create a stationery document.
TO CREATE A STATIONERY DOCUMENT
(1) Create your template document in your application. For example, you might have a document that has a logo, "From, To and About lines".
(2) Save the document to your disk
(3) Switch back to the Finder (desktop)
(4) Select the document's icon
(5) Choose Get Info from the File Menu
(6) Click the box marked "Stationery" in the Get Info window.
(7) Close the Get Info window.
(8) Whenever you open the stationery document, you will get a copy of the document for your use.
Q: How do I install FKEY resources to be used with System 7?
A: As in System 6, FKEYs must be installed using a "resource moving" utility such as ResEdit™ software program version 2.0.
Upgrading to System 7 does not remove FKEYs that were already installed in your system.
NOTE: The infamous screen-capture FKEY3 has been much improved in System 7. When you press command-shift-3, the system will take a "snapshot" of your screens and create a TeachText file with the image. It even works in color and with multiple monitors!
Q: When I'm in View by Name, Size or Date, I see a little triangle beside each folder. What does it do?
A: When you are in a list view (View by Name, Size, Kind, Label, Date), you will notice that each folder now has a small triangle just to the left of it. Clicking on this triangle will display the contents of that folder in the same window.
If you wish to view the contents of that folder in a separate window, double-click on the folder icon, or select the icon and choose Open from the File menu.
Q: How do I rename icons in System 7?
A: In Finder 7.0, renaming icons is slightly different from System 6. To rename an icon you must click directly on the name of the icon and wait for the cursor to change to an I-beam. A box will appear around the name of the icon and you can then edit the name. The user rapidly clicks twice on the name of an icon, it will be interpreted as a double-click and the icon will be opened.
Q: Can I customize an icon?
A: Yes. Icons may be customized in Finder 7.0 by selecting an icon, choosing "Get Info" from the file menu and clicking on the icon which appears in the Get Info window. Selecting Paste from the Edit menu will replace the icon for that file with any color or black and white picture which is on the clipboard. To revert to the original icon, click on the icon in the Get Info window and choose Clear from Edit menu.
Q: Can I change the colors of my windows and dialog boxes?
A: Yes. The System 7 Color Control Panel allows you to change both the color used for highlighting text as well as the color scheme used for windows, scroll bars, and dialog boxes.
To do this, open the Color Control Panel and click on the "window color" popup menu. This menu allows you to select other color schemes as well as black and white.
You may also choose from several color desktop patterns in the General Controls Control Panel.
Q: How does Balloon Help™ software program work? Will I be able to do work when Help is turned on?
A: When Balloon Help is on, balloons will appear which tell you about anything you point to on the screen. You don't need to click, just point. When help is turned on, every point, click, and drag works exactly as it normally does.
To turn Balloon Help ON chose "Show Balloon" in the Help menu.
To turn Balloon Help OFF chose "Hide Balloon" in the Help menu.
Q: Why do I only get a beep sound when I try to use the Find command?
A: The beep sound means that Find did not find any files.
When an icon is found, the Find command will open the window where that icon resides and select it for you.
Q: How do I open control panels?
A: To open a control panel in System 7, open the Control Panels folder from the Apple menu and double-click on the Control Panel icon you wish to open.
You can now have more than one Control Panel open at the same time.
Q: What happened to the "Set Startup" menu item that was in System 6?
A: "Set Startup" under System 6 allowed you to move between Finder and MultiFinder and set certain applications and desk accessories to be automatically opened when you turned on your Macintosh computer.
Using System 7, you can have applications, documents, control panels, desk accessories, or aliases automatically open when you start you Macintosh computer.
To do this, simply put the items you want opened into the "Startup Items" folder inside the System Folder.
Q: What does the "PrintMonitor Documents" folder do?
A: System 7 allows your Macintosh computer to print to a LaserWriter while you do other work with your Macintosh computer. For instance, you can now print and continue working on a document at the same time. This is called "background printing".
When background printing is turned on for LaserWriters in the Chooser, files which are waiting to be printed are temporarily stored in the "PrintMonitor Documents" folder until the printer is ready to print them. This is all done in the background.
Q: What does the Views control panel do?
A: The Views Control Panel is System 7 allows you to control how the files and windows on your desktop are displayed.
You can change the font and font size the Finder uses to display icons, as well as how icons are arranged when you select Clean Up from the Special menu.
Other options allow you to change how information in displayed in the various list views (View by Name, Date, Kind, Size, Label) such as icon size, space available and what type of information should be displayed.
Q: Why does the trash icon expand when I insert a disk?
A: In System 7, items dragged to the Trash are not deleted until you select "Empty Trash" from the Special menu. If you drag items from a floppy to the Trash, those items will appear in the Trash whenever that disk is inserted until you empty the Trash.
If you insert a disk which has some items in the Trash, the Trash icon will bulge when you insert the disk to let you know this disk has items in the Trash.
Q: Why do I get the message "Some items could not be opened" every time I boot up my Macintosh computer?
A: Whenever your Macintosh computer starts up, it looks inside the folder "Startup Items" inside the System Folder and tries to open all of the icons it finds in that folder. This is useful when you have applications, documents, desk accessories, and control panels which you want to have opened automatically at startup time.
If you see the message "Some items could not be opened" you have probably placed an icon which cannot be opened (such as an init, system extension, printer driver, etc.) inside your Startup Items folder.
Q: Why do I occasionally get the message "All items could not be displayed in this window" when I do a "Find-All At Once?"
A: This message is displayed whenever you find more items than the Finder can display at one time.
A partial list of the items meeting your "Find" criteria will be shown. To see the remaining items, select "Find Again" from the File menu.
Q: Can I get Balloon Help with my current application?
A: To get Balloon Help with an application you were using under System 6, you will need to get a new version of the application which supports Balloon Help under System 7.
Q: What is File Sharing?
A: Macintosh File Sharing is a powerful new feature of Macintosh System 7 that lets you share your folders (and the files inside) with other people on your AppleTalk network. With your permission, people can view and even edit the documents on your hard drive from their machines. Macintosh File Sharing works between two or more Macintosh computers and you don't need to dedicate a Macintosh computer as a file server. Macintosh File Sharing includes powerful security features so that you may control who can access your information through the specification of passwords privileges (e.g. read/write) people have.
PROCEDURE FOR TURNING ON FILE SHARING
(1) Open your Control Panel folder
(2) Open Sharing Setup control panel
(3) Type in your name, your password and your computer's name.
(4) Click the start button for file sharing
TO SHARE A FOLDER
(1) Select the folder
(2) Choose Sharing from the File menu
(3) Click Share This Item And Its Contents
(4) Close the Privileges Window
(5) Click Save when asked for confirmation.
Q: What is the role of “Sharing Setup”?
A: This control panel allows you to setup File Sharing and network IAC for your Macintosh computer. With this you identify yourself and give yourself a password for authentication for when you are remotely accessing your Macintosh computer. You also name your Macintosh computer so it can be identified when other users wish to connect to your shared resources.
PROCEDURE FOR TURNING ON FILE SHARING
(1) Open your Control Panel folder
(2) Open Sharing Setup Control Panel
(3) Type in your name, your password and your computer's name.
(4) Click the start button for File Sharing
Q: What is the role of “User and Groups”?
A: This Control Panel allows you to identify the names and passwords of users with whom you will want to share specific folders or applications. With this you can also set certain abilities regarding whether or not the user can connect to shared resources, or whether they change their connection password. User Setup also allows you to create group icons and associate several users with those groups.
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING A USER
(1) Open your Control Panel folder
(2) Open Users & Groups Control Panel
(3) Select New User from the File menu
(4) Type the name of the new user and press the return key
Q: What is the role of “File Sharing Monitor”?
A: This Control Panel allows you to monitor File Sharing activity. It shows you the name of the user who is connected (actually the name you have allowed the user to connect with), and the total time that the user has been connected in the current session.
This monitor also allows you disconnect any users, including those currently connected. A ‘thermometer’ style meter indicates the amount of access by all connected users.
PROCEDURE FOR VIEWING FILE SHARING STATUS
(1) Open your control Panel folder
(2) Open Sharing Monitor Control Panel
TO DISCONNECT A FILE SHARING USER
(1) Open Sharing Monitor control panel
(2) Select the user you wish to disconnect from the Connected Users list
(3) Click Disconnect
(4) Type the number of minutes before the user is disconnected and click OK
Q: How does File Sharing differ from the AppleShare File Server?
A: File Sharing allows an individual to directly share and control sharing of folders of information with a small group of individuals. An AppleShare file server provides centralized control of sharing by an Administrator for a large group of individuals. File Sharing is built around the Macintosh user with the focus and emphasis put on personal control of sharing local folders. Issues regarding administration for large workgroups, performance, and central access distinguish centralized file service, such as the AppleShare File Server, from distributed file sharing provided with File Sharing.
Q: When do I use File Sharing or an AppleShare File Server?
A: Performance and access needs will determine which will provide the best service. File Sharing is best suited for small workgroup focus, with optimal performance for low sharing load situations. Centralized file servers such as AppleShare are designed for high traffic with large amounts of users and are designed for continuous operation with no interruptions.
Q: What is the performance variation between File Sharing and AppleShare?
A: AppleShare File Servers are designed to perform much better than Macintosh computers using File Sharing when large numbers of users with heavy load requirements are involved. Service from a Macintosh computer with AppleShare File server software can be expected to perform approximately 25% and better than service from a Macintosh using File Sharing for the same configuration.
Q: If I am running System 7 can I share files/documents/folders with another Macintosh computer running System 6?
A: Yes. To setup your Macintosh computer to be able to share files, documents, or folders, please follow the instructions on setting up File Sharing. Folders can be shared with any Macintosh (from 512Ke and up), Apple II's, and MS-DOS computers that are using AppleShare workstation software. Apple II and MS-DOS computers require special software and in some cases hardware.
Q: How much memory does File Sharing use?
A: File Sharing requires about an extra 268K of RAM to operate. On a 2Mb machine, the System Software uses from 750K – 1250K. If you turn on File Sharing, you will loose an additional 268K. An application requiring more memory than you have available usually will not launch. However, you may turn File Sharing off to reclaim all memory but approximately 40K.
Q: Is File Sharing Phase 1 and Phase 2 compatible?
A: Yes. As with all AppleTalk services, File Sharing is compatible with Phase 1 and Phase II AppleTalk networks.
Q: How do I turn File Sharing on?
A: Your Macintosh computer enables you to share information on your own computer with other people on your network. At all times, you have complete control over what you want to share and with whom you want to share it. For example, you can share the files in a folder with one other person, share several folders with everyone on your network, share one folder with one group of people and share another folder with another group of people.
Before you can share files, you must turn on the File Sharing capability. Once you turn it on, it stays on.File Sharing will automatically turns on when you later restart your computer. An extra 200K of memory is used when you turn on File Sharing.
TO USE FILE-SHARING:
• Choose Control Panels from the Apple menu and double-click the Sharing Setup control
panel.
• Choose Control Panels from the Apple menu and double-click the Sharing Setup control
panel.
• Make sure that you have identified your computer to the network. You have to give an Owner Name, an Owner Password and a Macintosh Name.
• Click the Start button. Its label changes to “Cancel” and the status line describes what is happening while File Sharing is starting up. It may take a minute or so to complete. When the status line says “File Sharing is on” and the button is labeled “Stop”, your computer is ready to share files.
If you start File Sharing when AppleTalk is not active, it will be automatically turned on for you.
• Close the Sharing Setup control panel and the Control Panels folder.
Q: Can File Sharing be disabled?
A: Yes. File Sharing can be disabled in two ways: 1) by not enabling the sharing functionality with the Network Setup Control Panel, and 2) by not installing the File Sharing software. To not have File Sharing software installed requires the user to use the Custom option of the System Software installer.
PROCEDURE FOR TURNING OFF FILE SHARING
(1) Open your Control Panel folder
(2) Open Sharing Setup Control Panel
(3) Click the Stop button for File Sharing
Q: How many folders can I share with File Sharing?
A: You can directly share up to ten folders. However, once a folder is shared the folders contained within the shared folder are automatically shared as well.
Q: How many people can connect to my Macintosh computer via File Sharing?
A: Up to 10 users can be concurrently connected to folders you are sharing. However, you can have up to 100 users and groups identified in your Users and Groups list.
Q: Can I share applications?
A: Yes. Sharing applications can be accomplished in two ways: 1) by sharing the folder that contains the application so multiple users can access it and, 2) by sharing the program directly for access by remote program linking.
If you share the program by sharing the folder that it in then you must be aware of two issues: 1) some applications are not mutli-user or AppleShare aware and so cannot be used by more than one person at a time and, 2) you must adhere to software license agreement provided with your program, most applications only allow one user per copy.
Q: Can I use File Sharing with PCs?
A: MS-DOS based computers can access folders and files shared by Macintosh computers by using the AppleShare PC software available from Farallon Computing. This software provides the same capabilities that Macintosh computers have when connecting to shared folders with the AppleShare workstation software.
Q: Does FileSharing let multiple people use one document simultaneously?
A: Support for multi-user access to a document depends on the program. All the major Macintosh database programs support multiple user access to a shared data file and many other Macintosh program are AppleShare aware to the point that they also support mulit-user access to a single document. Some applications, such as Microsoft Word, allows a user to open a shared document "read-only" which allows other users to open same document read-only as well.
Q: Does File Sharing work with Tops/Novell/3COM...?
A: Yes. Users can connect to shared information through a variety of means. Using the AppleShare workstation software provides users with the most consistent method. File Sharing, Novell, 3 Com and other vendors support the AppleShare workstation software. Other vendors that don't support the AppleShare workstation software can coexist with AppleShare solutions.
One thing to note however is that once shared folders accessed with the AppleShare workstation software cannot be "re-shared" with Macintosh File Sharing. Macintosh File Sharing only allows you to share locally connected folders.
Q: Can I share CD-ROM Disks?
A: Yes. Folders from a CD-ROM disk can be shared the same way as a folder on a local hard disk. However, the CD-ROM must be inserted prior to turning on File Sharing in order to be shared. In addition, to switch between CD-ROMs File Sharing must first be turned off, the new CD-ROM inserted, and File Sharing turned back on.
If you insert a CD while File Sharing is on, then you can eject and insert but you can't share it. If a CD is inserted before File Sharing is on, then you have to turn file Sharing off to eject it.
Q: Can I share a floppy through File Sharing?
A: No. File Sharing only allows you to share devices such as hard disks and CD ROMs.
If you want to share any information on a floppy, you will have to copy the data on a hard disk, set up the sharing parameters and share your information.
Q: Can I share an ejectable media through File Sharing?
A: Yes. Ejectable media that looks like a standard HFS volume can be shared the same way as a folder on a local hard disk. The ejectable media must be inserted prior to turning on File Sharing in order to be shared. Also, to switch between ejectable media file sharing must first be turned off, the new media inserted, and File Sharing turned back on. While File Sharing is on, the same media can be ejected and inserted without having to turn File Sharing off.
Q: Can I share Tape Backup units?
A: No. File Sharing only allows you to share devices such as hard disks and CD ROMs.
Q: Why can't I rename my hard disk?
A: When File Sharing is turned on, you are not able to change the names of any hard disks attached to your machine.
To change the name, you must first go into the Sharing Setup Control Panel, turn off File Sharing, then change the name of your hard disk, and turn File Sharing back on.
Q: Can I change my File Sharing password from a remote location?
A: Yes. You can connect to your Macintosh computer from another Macintosh computer on the same AppleTalk internetwork and change your password with the Set Password button, provided File Sharing is enabled on your Macintosh computer(this must be AppleShare workstation software 2.0 or greater which is included with all System 6 versions).
PROCEDURE FOR CHANGING YOUR PASSWORD REMOTELY
(1) Open the Chooser
(2) Select your Macintosh computer with the AppleShare workstation software
(3) Click the Set Password button
(4) Type in your new password
(5) Press tab and type in current password
(6) Click OK
(7) Type your new password to reconfirm your change
(6) Click OK
Q: Will File Sharing slow down my Macintosh computer when someone logs onto it?
A: File Sharing operates during the idle cycles on a user's machine. How often it uses those idle cycles or makes a higher level request for more cycles will depend on how heavy the requests are from the remote users connected to your Macintosh computer. During heavy access requests for files from your Macintosh computer from remote users, you will experience mouse jumping or varying degrees of slowness.
Q: How can I use File Sharing to share files between my Portable and my main machine?
A: File Sharing operates on any Macintosh computer that can run System 7 and is connected to an AppleTalk network. An AppleTalk network can be as small as two Macintosh computers connected together with LocalTalk (or compatible) cabling. Once connected to a network, either Macintosh computer can turn on File Sharing. There is no need to share any folders since the owner can access everything. From the other Macintosh computer you can connect with the AppleShare workstation software as the owner.
PROCEDURE TO CONNECT REMOTELY AS THE OWNER
(1) Open the Chooser
(2) Select AppleShare
(3) Select your Macintosh computer
(4) Type your name, as you typed it in Owner Name field in the Sharing Setup dialog on the Macintosh computer you are connecting to.
(5) Type your password, as you typed it in Owner Password field in the Sharing Setup dialog on the Macintosh computer you are connecting to.
You will see all the disk resources connected to the remote Macintosh computer.
Q: Can I distribute a master Users & Groups file around my organization so that everyone has one name and one password on all machines?
A: Yes. Once you have created the "ideal" User & Groups collection simply copy the Users & Groups Data File, found in the Preferences folder of the System Folder, to anyone requiring the same user/groups file. This file can only be copied, using an alias is not an option.
Q: While accessing my system via File Sharing, my desktop items don't appear. Where are they?
A: The items can be found in a folder called DeskTop Folder. This folder will appear in the root of the volume you are remotely connected to.
Q: When do I need to turn on Program Linking?
A: You must turn on Program Linking to enable InterApplication Communications (IAC) features of System 7-friendly applications. Program Linking is the switch which allows applications to communicate with each other by sharing commands and data over AppleTalk networks. It provides security measures that prevent unauthorized use of programs and data from remote computers. Permission must be granted at both the System and the Application levels to activate IAC.
In order to respond to events from remote computers, the owner must explicitly allow network users to link to his or her computer by:
1) opening the Control Panel folder;
2) opening the Sharing Setup Control Panel;
3) typing your name, password, and your computer's name;
4) clicking the start button for Program Linking.
The Sharing Setup control panel then indicates "Program Linking is on. Click Stop to prevent other users from accessing shared programs." To prevent other computers from initiating sessions, the owner simply clicks Stop underneath Program Linking.
The user then selects specific applications to link by:
1) selecting an application from the Finder;
2) choosing Sharing from the File menu;
3) clicking the Allow Remote Program Linking checkbox.
In addition to allowing remote users to initiate conversations between applications via Program Linking, the owner must permit physical access to their programs and data by enabling File Sharing from the Sharing Setup control panel, and choose which other users to interact with via the Users and Groups control panel.
To establish access for other users and guests:
1) open the Users & Groups icon in the Control Panels folder;
2) to specify a particular new user, choose New User from the File menu;
3) type in the user's name and password.
Q: What are TrueType Fonts?
A: TrueType fonts are mathematical descriptions of text characters. TrueType fonts provide sharp text at any size on any device. This means great documents on the screen as well as on the page from any printer. TrueType fonts store individual characters as a series of lines and curves, rather than a group of pixels (a bitmap). When an application asks for a character in any size, say 33 point, the Macintosh computer enlarges this outline to 33 point and fills in the dots for the display or printer output. The TrueType font format is an open industry standard, so you can mix and match TrueType fonts from various font vendors.
Q: What are Bitmap Fonts?
A: Bitmap fonts consist of "pictures" of the type at specific sizes. For example, you might have bitmap fonts at 10, 12, and 18 point sizes installed in your Macintosh computer. If you try to use sizes which are not installed, the Macintosh computer scales the largest bitmap which is installed, often resulting in type that is blocky and less legible.
Q: What are PostScript Fonts?
A: PostScript fonts consist of mathematical descriptions of each character. Each character is defined by a series of lines and curves, and can be scaled to any size. You will find PostScript fonts in several of Apple's LaserWriter™ printers. PostScript fonts are also used in combination with bitmap fonts to support additional fonts on Macintosh. To use a PostScript font, a user needs to install the bitmap fonts for that font in the system, and then install the PostScript font files in the system folder.
PostScript fonts are available from a variety of font vendors. For additional information on PostScript fonts, please contact your dealer.
Q: What are outline fonts?
A: Outline fonts consist of mathematical descriptions of each character. Each character is defined by a series of lines and curves, and can be scaled to any size. You will find outline fonts in several of Apple's LaserWriter printers. This is why you get smooth, sharp text at any size on those printers.
Q: What benefits will the average user find with TrueType?
A: All users will find that TrueType offers them great type at any size on ANY Macintosh or ANY Macintosh printer. With TrueType, what you see on your screen looks better than ever, and, it prints smoothly on any printer. It's also fully compatible with virtually all Macintosh hardware and software. As part of the operating system of the Macintosh, it's virtually transparent to the user, making it easier to use and to manage fonts.
Q: Are non TrueType fonts compatible with 7?
A: All existing fonts, whether they are bitmap, PostScript, or other types, will work just as they always have in the System 7 environment.
Q: What happens if I have a TrueType font and a Postscript font or a Bitmap font with the same name... do they both work, can I print both?
A: Let's take an example. You may have, in your system, several possibilities for a Times 24 font. You have a bitmap Times 24, TrueType Times (in any size), and perhaps an Adobe Type Manager (ATM) Times (in any size) as well. Whenever you request a font and size for your document, the system uses the following order to decide among the available possibilities:
For type on the screen
1. The bitmap font
2. The TrueType font
3. An Adobe Type Manager (ATM) font (if available)
4. A bitmap font of a different size, which will be scaled to the specified size.
This preference order means that the document you created in bitmap Times 24 will show up in the same bitmap font on the screen, which ensures against the reformatting described above. The system will look for the bitmap font first, and if it's not available, it will scale the TrueType font to the proper size.
When you print your document, the preference order changes:
For type on a PostScript printer (LaserWriter Plus, LaserWriter II NT, LaserWriter II NTX, Personal LaserWriter NT and many 3rd party PostScript laser printers)
1. The printer's ROM
2. The printer's RAM
3. The printer's hard disk
4. Type 1 or Type 3 PostScript files in the System Folder
5. TrueType
6. Bitmaps
For type on a direct-connect devices (ImageWriter® printer, LaserWriter® IISC printer, Personal LaserWriter SC, HP's DeskWriter™, fax modems, etc.)
1. TrueType
2. ATM (if available)
3. A bitmap font of a different size, which will be scaled to the specified size.
Q: Can I mix TrueType with other fonts in the same document?
A: Yes. You can mix TrueType fonts with other fonts in the same document.
Q: Will my documents created in System 6 have to be reformatted?
A: Reformatting is only necessary if the System 6 created document utilized a certain font that, when brought into a TrueType environment, is represented by different spacing than its Postscript equivalent. Every effort is being made to keep these spacings identical, but it is possible that some variance may exist. The core set of fonts that Apple will ship with System 7 are metrically compatible and will cause NO REFLOW to be necessary. A System 6 document created using TrueType, however, will need no reformatting when ported to a System 7 environment.
Q: Can I move documents from my System 6 Macintosh to a Macintosh running System 7? Will my documents change?
A: Yes. You can move documents between a Macintosh running System 6 and a Macintosh running System 7.
In most cases, your documents will not change their appearance at all. For example, if your document uses Times font in size 12, your document will not change at all. One exception would be if you used many odd type sizes in your document, your document's line endings may change slightly when you open the document under System 7 and the document's formatting may be slightly different.. You may need to readjust your document's formatting to have your lines and paragraphs format appear exactly as they did before. This is because the TrueType fonts will be used at those sizes and they are more accurate and true to the printed output you'll get.
Q: Do I need Bitmap versions of TrueType fonts?
A: No. However, System 7 will ship with the same component of bitmap fonts as System 6 to ensure that documents do not change line endings when moved from System 6 to System 7. This is the only reason that bitmap fonts are included.
Q: I want to install System 7. What's going to happen to the fonts I have in my old System?
A: You keep all of your existing fonts. While TrueType will install a number of TrueType fonts with System 7, please remember that TrueType fonts complement any bitmap fonts available on your Macintosh.
Remember…
• All of the fonts in your System 6 System file are retained in System 7
• If you request a font size that is available as a bitmap, your Macintosh will use the bitmap
• If you use a size for which you do not a have a bitmap, your Macintosh will scale the TrueType outline
• If you remove a bitmap from your System file, the Macintosh will use the TrueType font
Depending on the font and size you request, you will end up with either a bitmap font OR a TrueType font. Regardless of whether it's a bitmap or a TrueType font, your text will look great.
Q: Why do people need TrueType when they already have Adobe Type Manager and Type 1 fonts?
A: Our customers tell us that it is essential for Apple to offer more functionality at more affordable price points. TrueType provides consistent quality and interactive performance on all Macintosh computers. Outline font technology is something that needs to be an integrated part of the operating system, not a bolted-on solution. Software developers can do amazing things with type when they can count on outline fonts in the system.
Q: What about customers who have thousands of dollars invested in PostScript fonts?
A: Your current fonts will work with TrueType installed just as they do today.
Specific sizes that are installed will look and print smoothly. And, same as today, others will not--especially on printers such as the Personal LaserWriter SC--unless the user purchases the ATM utility. However, there will be several products which will allow our customers to translate their PostScript fonts into TrueType fonts, providing many of the benefits of TrueType without having to add any utility software. In addition, many type vendors who are now selling PostScript fonts are planning aggressive discount upgrade paths for their users. An example of this is Bitstream, who will upgrade a customer’s fonts for 25% of the retail price.
Q: How many TrueType fonts ship Apple Computer, Inc. with System 7?
A: Apple Computer, Inc. will ship the base core set of 14 type styles with System 7. These fonts include:
• Times: plain, italic, bold, bold italic
• Helvetica: plain, bold
• Courier: plain, bold
• Symbol: plain
• Chicago: plain
• New York: plain
• Monaco: plain
• Geneva: plain
Q: Which bitmap fonts will be available in System 7?
A: System 7 will ship with the same set of bitmap fonts sizes which have always been provided with Macintosh system software:
FONT SIZE
Geneva 9,10,12,14,18,24
New York 9,10,12,14,18, 20, 24
Monaco 9,12
Chicago 12
Times 9,10,12,14,18,24
Helvetica 9,10,12,14,18,24
Courier 9,10,12,14,18,24
Symbol 9,10,12,14,18,24
Venice 14
Palatino 10,12,14,18,24
San Francisco 18
Athen 18
Cairo 18
London 18
Los Angeles 12,24
Q: Does Adobe Type Manager work on System 7?
A: Yes. System 7 is proving compatible with the 2.0 version of Adobe Type Manager. Apple will publish complete compatibility information for System 7 at its introduction.
For addition information on Adobe Type Manager, please contact Adobe Systems Inc.
Q: How does TrueType print to PostScript printers?
A: A primary goal of the TrueType project was that it print on all of our customer’s existing devices, and PostScript devices are no exception. The first thing to understand about printing in System 7 is that very little has changed. The TrueType core set provided by Apple will map to the internal fonts in printer ROM just like they do today. When a customer prints a page with a 3rd party TrueType font on it, the LaserWriter driver sends the TrueType font and the TrueType scaling software to the printer. This ensures the best match to the screen display, as the same font and scaling software are being used on the printer.
Q: Do TrueType fonts have the same metrics as PostScript fonts?
A: Yes. The core set of TrueType fonts (Times, Helvetica, Courier, Symbol, Avant Garde, Bookman, New Century Schoolbook, Palatino, Zapf Chancery, and Zapf Dingbats) have the same metrics as the fonts in the PostScript LaserWriters that we ship.
Q: Will TrueType replace Postscript?
A: No. Postscript is a page description language and TrueType is a font technology. They are not interchangeable. We do anticipate that more users will purchase low-cost non-PostScript printers (like the LaserWriter IIsc, HP DeskWriter, etc.) for use with their Macintosh computer, due to the excellent type quality that System 7 will provide on those devices. While Apple Computer, Inc. is the largest supplier of Postscript printers to the Macintosh market today, we see that many users are served by direct-connect printers driven by QuickDraw™ software program and TrueType, since most are really looking for excellent type quality. We will continue to be a major supplier of Postscript printers, both now and in the future.
Q: Will the Font/DA Mover work with System 7?
A: Apple does not recommend that people use the Font/DA Mover to install fonts or desk accessories in System 7.
To install fonts or desk accessories in System 7 simply drag them onto the System Folder.
Q: How can a user tell if they are using a TrueType or bitmap font?
A: Apple has taken great pains to ensure that you get great type transparently when you use a TrueType font with System 7. You won’t see any neon signs or new font names in your font menu. Things just work.
If you’re really curious, open the System file and find the font name in question. If the name only appears with numbers after it (ie - “Times 12”), then the font is not a TrueType font. Another way to tell is to look at the icon—TrueType icons look different from bitmap font icons.
Q: Can I use TrueType with System 6?
A: Yes. The TrueType Disk Set (INIT + fonts + drivers) is available to customers who are interested in taking advantage of TrueType capabilities with system 6.
To gain the TrueType functionality with system 6 requires that your Macintosh have at least 1 MB of random access memory (RAM) and System Software version 6.0.7 or later. Although the TrueType software will function on System 6.0.5, that configuration has not been tested thoroughly and we recommend you upgrade to System 6.0.7 or later. System 7.0 users do not need to install this software as the TrueType functionality is built in to System 7.
The "product" itself is a 2-diskette kit containing:
Disk 1 - "TrueType Fonts & Software" - 686k
TrueType INIT
TrueType fonts (13 typestyles)
Font/DA Mover v4.1
ReadMe file (installation instructions, plus printer ReadMe notes)
TeachText
Disk 2 - "TrueType Printing Tools" - 753k
ImageWriter v6.1
AppleTalk ImageWriter v6.1
ImageWriter LQ v6.1
AppleTalk ImageWriter LQ v6.1
LaserWriter software (folder)
LaserWriter v6.1
Backgrounder
PrintMonitor
Personal LaserWriter SC v6.1
Utilities (folder)
LaserWriter Font Utility
Laser Prep
Q: Is TrueType in System 7 different than the TrueType INIT for System 6?
A: No.
Q: With System 6, I'm using Suitcase/Font Juggler so my fonts don't take up space in my System file? Do I need it with System 7?
A: Macintosh System Software prior to System 7 limited the number of fonts you could have in the system file. With System 7, that limit is so much greater that you can for all practical purposes disregard it. You may still want to use programs like Suitcase and Master Juggler to organize sets of fonts that you don't need access to all the time. Keep in mind also that one TrueType file, which can produce all point sizes in that font, takes up much less space in your system than the files for the equivalent bitmap fonts.
Q: How can I get other TrueType Fonts beyond what Apple ships with Macintosh?
A: You’ll be able to buy additional TrueType fonts wherever you buy Macintosh software, from many vendors including Agfa, Bitstream, Casady & Greene, Linotype, Monotype, and others.
Q: Why are Italic, Bold and Bold Italic listed as separate typefaces for TrueType (and Postscripts fonts) but not for bitmap fonts?
A: When you're using a bitmap font and you choose Italic or Bold from the Style menu, the italic or bold type you see on the screen is a manipulation of the plain bitmap typeface. The type is simply modified—for italic, slanted forward; for bold, thickened—to create the style you've chosen. TrueType and PostScript fonts give you separate specially designed typefaces, not just manipulations of the plain typeface, for italic, bold, and bold italic styles. These look even better than the modified bitmaps, and are truer to the original designs.
Q: What is the Edition Manager?
A: The Edition Manager is a new feature in System 7 that provides the ability to automatically update documents. New Edit menu commands let users "Publish" data as "editions"to other documents, and "Subscribe" to editions that remain linked to the original source document. When the published data (the edition) is edited, the changes are copied automatically to all its subscribers, on the same machine or across the network.
Applications must be updated to take advantage of the Edition Manager.
Q: How do Publish and Subscribe work?
A: Publish and subscribe only works with applications which have been revised to take advantage of this feature in System 7.
To use publish and subscribe, first select some data you wish to place a "live" copy of in another application or document. Go to the Edit menu and select "Create Publisher". This will bring up a dialog box asking you to name the edition file which will connect the publisher to the other documents which subscribe to this data. After you have created the edition file, go to the document or application where you which to use this data and select "Subscribe To..." from the Edit menu.
This will place a live copy of the data in your document. From this point on, whenever the original publisher data gets modified, the subscriber will automatically get updated as well.
Q: Does “Publish and Subscribe” work with existing applications?
A: No. Applications must be revised to take advantage of the Publish and Subscribe functionality provided by the Edition Manager in System 7.
An application offers the Publish and Subscribe features when you find the items "Create Publisher" and "Subscribe To.... in the Edit menu.
Contact your vendor or your Apple Dealer to find out if your current application can be upgraded to a new version using the Publish/Subscribe capabilities.
Q: How is Publish and Subscribe different from Copy and Paste?
A: Copy and Paste are useful when you want to move data between documents and applications and you want separate copies (versions) of the data in each place. Publish and Subscribe maintains a connection so that the subscribers always reflect the current data in the publisher.
Q: Can I publish and subscribe over a network?
A: Yes. When an edition is created, the publisher can save the edition file on a shared file server (including your own disk if it is shared using System 7 File Sharing). Other users on the network can access the edition file on the file server and subscribe to it.
For instance, Pierre needs to create a presentation using some numbers in a spreadsheet which Marie has prepared on her machine. Marie can publish the numbers from her spreadsheet and save the resulting edition file to a server which she and Pierre both share. Pierre can mount the file server and subscribe to the numbers edition file in his presentation program. Whenever Marie updates the numbers in the spreadsheet, Pierre will see the changes.
Q: What's the difference between file sharing and publish/subscribe (across the network)?
A: File Sharing shares entire folders (and their contents) and hard disks between users on the network. Assuming you have been given the permission, you can view and edit documents just like they were stored on your local hard drive.
Publish and subscribe allows users to share sections of documents between users by placing the connecting edition file on a file server.
Q: How can I find the original document from a subscriber?
A: When you have subscribed to some information, you may want to get back to the original document to edit it.
To do this, select the subscriber and then choose "Subscriber Options..." from the Edit menu. In this dialog box click on "Open Publisher" and the document containing the original data (the publisher) will be opened.
Q: How can I identify a Publisher or Subscriber within a document?
A: When you click on something in your application which has been published or subscribed to, you will see a grey border appear.
This border is light grey for publishers and dark grey for subscribers. To find out more about a particular publisher or subscriber, choose Publisher Options or Subscriber Options from the Edit menu.
Q: Can I edit a subscriber?
A: Not generally. A subscriber is a copy of data that was published by another document. The published material stays in the original document.
There are two ways to change the data you see in the subscriber:
1) edit the original data in the publisher; or
2) break the connection between the publisher and the subscriber which will then leave an editable copy of the data in the subscribing document.
To edit the original data:
1) select the subscriber;
2) choose 'Subscriber Options' from the 'Edit' menu
3) click the 'Open Publisher' button
To break the connection:
1) select the subscriber;
2) choose 'Subscriber Options' from the 'Edit' menu
3) click the 'Cancel Subscriber' button
Once you break the connection, the subscriber is no longer automatically updated when the publisher is changed.
Q: What happens when I move or delete an edition file?
A: When you publish data for automatic updating by choosing 'Create Publisher..." from the Edit menu, you also create an Edition. An edition is a separate file that is updated when you change the original material. The edition file can be saved on a disk, in a folder, or on the desktop.
If you move or rename an edition file, the connection between the publisher and any subscribers remains intact.
If you delete the edition file, the connection between a publisher and its subscribers is broken.
Q: What if I temporarily want to stop receiving updates to my subscriber?
A: The default behavior is to update subscribers automatically when a change to the publisher occurs. However, you can choose to only receive updates on demand. To change the subscribers options to manual updating:
1) select the subscriber;
2) choose 'Subscriber Options' from the 'Edit menu
3) select the radio button Get Editions: Manually
To receive a manual update:
1) select the subscriber;
2) choose 'Subscriber Options' from the 'Edit' menu
3) click the 'Get Editions Now' button
Q: What is InterApplication Communication?
A: InterApplication Communication describes the way applications use new features of System 7 -- the Edition Manager and Apple events-- to cooperate more closely and improve the users' work flow.
Applications that implement the Edition Manager provide the ability to automatically update documents. New Edit menu commands let users "Publish" data to other documents, and "Subscribe" to data that remains linked to the original source document. When the published data is edited, the changes are copied automatically to all its subscribers, on the same machine or across the network. For example, the user can subscribe to a spreadsheet table in a word processing document; whenever the spreadsheet changes, the word processing document gets the change automatically.
Apple events will allow even more complex interaction between applications. It provides an invisible messaging language that will let programs share not only data but commands; the user sees Apple event-aware applications as those that can request services from each other. For example, an accounting package can pass inventory data to a spreadsheet and retrieve a graph of that data for display in its own report.
Q: What are Apple events?
A: Apple events is the underlying messaging language that applications use for complex communication with other applications. For the user, Apple event aware applications are applications that can use services of other applications, either on the same machine or across the network. These applications use Apple event messages as intelligent hooks to share functionality with other applications.
Several examples:
- an accounting package can pass inventory data to a spreadsheet and retrieve a graph of that data for display in its own report.
- utility packages such as spell checkers, thesaurus, or formula editors can work generically with Apple event-aware applications.
- an application can request that a more sophisticated program display a specialized graphics format like TIFF in the requesting application window.
Q: What is Virtual Memory?
A: Virtual Memory (VM) extends the user's available physical memory by transparently treating the hard disk as additional RAM. Virtual Memory allows users to run more applications at once and work with larger amounts of data than they can today.
Q: Which Macintosh computers can use Virtual Memory?
A: Macintosh IIx, IIcx, IIci, IIsi, IIfx and SE/30 are ready to use Virtual Memory.
Macintosh II computers can take advantage of Virtual Memory by adding the 68851 PMMU coprocessor.
Q: Is Virtual Memory compatible with current application software?
A: Yes. Virtual Memory is compatible with current applications.
Q: How much Virtual Memory can I get?
A: The maximum amount of Virtual Memory available depends on the Macintosh model that you are running.
The Macintosh II, IIx, IIcx, IIci and IIfx models can address a maximum of 13 megabytes of Virtual Memory. The maximum of 13 megabytes assumes that the user has only a NuBus video card installed. Every additional NuBus card installed in your Macintosh will decrease your maximum amount of Virtual Memory by 1 megabyte.
The Macintosh SE/30 can also address a maximum of 13 megabytes of Virtual Memory.
The Macintosh IIsi can address a maximum of 12 megabytes of Virtual Memory.
Additionally, the Macintosh IIci, IIsi and IIfx models can operate in 32-Bit Addressing mode. When operated in 32-Bit Address mode, these Macintosh models can address a maximum of 1 gigabyte of virtual memory.
Please note that the maximum amount of Virtual Memory available on your Macintosh computer is also limited by available space on your hard disk.
Q: How can I turn on and off Virtual Memory?
A: Virtual Memory is controlled using the “Memory” Control Panel. Please note that after turning Virtual Memory “ON”, you will need to restart your Macintosh computer to complete the process to activating Virtual Memory.
Q: How much disk space do I need to use Virtual Memory?
A: While Virtual Memory is running, users may notice that a portion of their hard disk is allocated to VM. The amount of space used for Virtual Memory is dependant on the amount of Virtual Memory the user has requested.
Q: Will Virtual Memory affect the performance of my Macintosh computer?
A: System performance is very dependent on applications. In most instances, users should not see a noticeable decrease in performance when using Virtual Memory.
Q: Can I use Virtual Memory on ejectable media (like a bernouilli box)?
A: Yes and No. Virtual Memory will not allow you to select a "removable" hard disk for the storage of you Virtual Memory "swap file" [removable hard disks will be grayed-out in the "Memory Control Panel for this reason]. If you use a removable hard disk and a normal hard disk, simply choose the normal hard disk for the Virtual Memory Swap file.
If you have only removable hard disk attached to your Macintosh, you will not be able to use System 7's Virtual Memory feature.
Q: Why do I get a message about "updating my hard drive" when I attempt to turn on Virtual Memory?
A: If you have an Apple hard drive, you need to update your hard drive software before you can use the virtual memory of system 7. The process is very simple and the instructions are below. The new hard drive software is necessary to be compatible with virtual memory. If you do not have an Apple hard drive, this process is not necessary. The process does not affect the data on your hard drive.
- Locate the System 7 floppy disk marked "Disk Tools"
- Shut down your computer and restart it with the Disk Tools floppy inserted in your disk drive (i.e. boot off of Disk Tools)
- Start the program HD SC Setup
- Click the button "Update"
- Click Quit
Q: What is 32-Bit Addressing?
A: 32 bit addressing means that a person can install and access more than 8 megabytes of physical RAM in their Macintosh computer. More technically speaking, 32 Bit Addressing allows some models of Macintosh [IIfx, IIci, IIsi, LC] computers to access the entire 4 gigabyte memory range of the 68030 microprocessor. The basic software and hardware of the Macintosh computer already support the 32-bit addressing model, but Macintosh computers using System 6 are limited to using only 8 megabytes of memory because 32 bit addressing is not fully implemented. In System 7, 32 bit addressing is fully implemented, allowing Macintosh LC, IIsi, IIci, and IIfx computers to access more than 8 megabytes of memory. This expanded memory is important for high-end users working with many applications, complex graphics documents, large databases, etc.
The term "addressing" refers to the number of binary digits (bits) that make up each memory address. Addressing directly determines the maximum amount of memory possibly available.
Q: How can I use 32-Bit Addressing?
A: To take advantage of 32 bit addressing, you must have a Macintosh LC, IIsi, IIci, or IIfx computer and you must be running System 7. You would use 32 bit addressing if you had more than 8 megabytes of physical RAM installed in your computer. Alternatively, you can use 32 bit addressing in conjunction with Virtual Memory to expand your memory to any arbitrary amount, up to extent of your hard disk. Remember, however, that Apple recommends that the amount of Virtual Memory not exceed double the physical memory actually present in your Macintosh computer.
The memory control panel allows you to select between 24 bit operation and 32 bit (addressing) operation. Changes take effect on reboot. When you are running in 32 bit mode, it is important that your applications be "32 bit compatible." Most current releases of application software are 32 bit compatible. Check with your software manufacturer for information about a specific product.
Mac Plus, SE, Classic, II, IIx, IIcx, and SE/30 models cannot get the benefit of 32 bit addressing but 32 bit compatible software and non-32 bit compatible software will, of course, work on these computers.
PROCEDURE
(1) Open the memory control panel
(2) Select 32 bit addressing
(3) Reboot your computer
(4) You are now running in 32 bit mode
Q: Will my applications work with 32 bit addressing?
A: Yes. Most applications are 32-bit compatible and should work when your Macintosh computer is running in 32-bit mode.
Most customers will run their computers in 24-bit mode (the default). In 24-bit mode, the computer will run both 32 bit compatible and non-32-bit compatible software.
For those high-end customers that do specifically access the 32 bit addressing capability (through the memory control panel), they should ensure that their software is 32 bit compatible. Most current releases of application software are 32 bit compatible.
Q: Who can use 32-bit addressing? Who should use 32-bit addressing?
A: The Macintosh IIci, IIsi, LC and IIfx models can take advantage of 32-bit addressing.
32-Bit Addressing offers Macintosh users the ability to work with very large data files, very large applications and/or many application concurrently. As such, 32-bit addressing is most attractive to Macintosh users working with large memory intensive problems. While virtually anyone can benefit from the large amount of memory offered by 32-bit addressing, it will immediately benefit database users, color graphic users, CAD/CAM users and programmers.
While 32-bit addressing may seem to benefit a small percentage of Macintosh users today, users can expect to see powerful “general purpose” tools benefit from 32-bit addressing in the very near future.
Q: How do I turn 32-bit addressing on and off?
A: 32-bit addressing is controlled using the “Memory” Control Panel. In the Memory Control Panel you will see an "On" and an "Off" button for 32-bit addressing.
Please note that after turning 32-bit addressing “ON” or "Off", you will need to restart your Macintosh computer to complete the process to activating/deactivating 32-bit addressing.
Please note that 32-bit addressing is only available on the following Macintosh computers:
Macintosh IIci
Macintosh IIfx
Macintosh IIsi
Macintosh LC
Q: Are networks running AppleTalk Phase 1 still supported?
A: System 7 installs and supports AppleTalk Phase II networking software. If your network consists entirely of LocalTalk® cabling network, PhoneNet, or TokenTalk (or some combination thereof), this has absolutely no impact on you and you don't need to read any further. Phase II software only affects networks that have EtherTalk® interface card.
The datalink software (EtherTalk and TokenTalk) included and installed with System 7 is Phase 2. However, a network of mixed Phase 1 and Phase 2 drivers can be implemented provided the network administrator has set up the internet routers with the appropriate migration utility. Migration issues will only affect those networks using EtherTalk datalink software since no version of TokenTalk predates version 2.0. It should be noted that network applications, such as AppleShare File Server and Print Server software, System Software and its associated services are Phase independent; they can connect to and use services on any AppleTalk network.
However, a Phase 1 EtherTalk driver which works with System 7, will be available from your Apple computer representative and on AppleLink. The reason for this approach is that Apple is migrating the installed base to AppleTalk Phase 2 and we want all new System 7 users to automatically have Phase 2 software on their Macintosh computers. However, some customers will be installing System 7 on their existing Phase 1 networks and they will need the Phase 1 EtherTalk driver until they have completed their migration to Phase 2.
Q: Should I install System 7 on my AppleShare Network File Server (version 2.0.1)?
A: No. Your AppleShare File Server (version 2.0.1) is ready to use it with System 7 clients.
If your server is connected with EtherTalk, you may want to upgrade the EtherTalk driver for Phase 2.
Do not upgrade the System Software on your AppleShare FileServer (version 2.0.1) to System 7.
Q: Can I attach a hard disk initialized under System 7 to my AppleShare 2.0.1 file server?
A: Yes. You can take a hard disk that you have been using under System 7 and attached it to a Macintosh computer running the AppleShare 2.0 file server software, but you must first rebuild its desktop as follows:
PROCEDURE
1. Attach the hard drive to a Macintosh computer running System 6
2. Reboot the Macintosh computer
3. Hold down the command-option keys while you reboot.
4. The system will ask whether you want to rebuild the desktop. Click Ok.
5. Your desktop is now rebuilt and you can attach the hard drive to the AppleShare server.
TECHNICAL NOTE
The reason you need to rebuild the desktop is because System 7 puts a desktop database on hard drives and the desktop database is not recognized by AppleShare 2.0. Rebuilding the desktop under System 6 causes the older-style desktop file to be created.
Q: Do the Third Party routers and gateways work with System 7?
A: Yes. Most third party routers and gateways do not actually run on a Macintosh computer, so the System Software version is irrelevant. What is relevant is whether or not the router or gateway supports Phase 2. In this area all major router and gateway vendors offer products that support phase 2. The vendor list includes: 3 Com, Alisa Systems, Engage Communications, Cayman Systems, Dove Computer Corporation, Information Presentation Technologies, Infosphere Inc., Nuvotech, Pacer Software Inc., Shiva Corporation, and Solana Electronics.
Q: Should I install System 7 on my AppleShare Print Server?
A: No. To use your AppleShare PrintServer with System 7 you need to update only the LaserWriter drivers on the PrintServer.
STEP #1: “Quit” the AppleShare PrintServer application and return to the Finder
STEP #2: Insert System 7’s “Printing” disk
STEP #3: Drag two files from the “Printing” disk into the System Folder: LaserWriter and LaserPrep
STEP #4: Double click the AppleShare PrintServer application
If your server also supports the AppleTalk ImageWriter II and/or the AppleTalk ImageWriter LQ, please also drag these drivers over too.
Your AppleShare PrintServer is now set up to work properly with all Macintosh computers using the 7.0 version of the LaserWriter drivers.
FYI: Do not upgrade the System Software on your AppleShare PrintServer (version 2.0.1) to System 7.
Q: What is the Data Access Manager?
A: The Data Access Manager is a Macintosh System interface that provides Macintosh application developers with the flexibility of using a single, unified API for accessing data from different datasources, including local Macintosh databases, remote Macintosh database servers, and even other remote host database servers like DEC VAXes and IBM mainframes. Access to remote host database servers is achieved through the Data Access Language (DAL) client/server protocol. Applications written to the Data Access Manager can transparently use DAL to access data from DAL servers on host computers across different networks. The Data Access Manager is included along with the DAL client software in System 7.0.
The benefits of the Data Access Manager are threefold. (1) Macintosh applications now have a standard way to access data regardless of the location of the data or the storage mechanism, (2) transparent access to the DAL client/server protocol is included as a part of the Data Access Manager, and (3) the architecture of the Data Access Manager is tailored for future extensibility.
The Data Access Manager provides two levels of interface for applications, a high-level interface and a low-level interface. The high-level interface is a standard way for all desktop applications, like a graphical charting package, to access data. A new command has been added to the file menu called "Open Query". The end-user can pull down the file menu, select "Open Query", and choose a query such as "Monthly Sales", to launch a request for data, which will return the sales information for the month into an application, such as a charting package. The Data Access Manager's query builder will make it easier for in-house developers to create data access pathways to different datasources, delivering to end-users the flexibility to use such queries to create whatever reports and presentations that they may need. The low-level interface is intended for in-house or custom developers, to use tools like Hypercard® software program and 4th Dimension, for building highly-customized data access interfaces. This low-level interface permits developers of data-intensive commercial applications, like statistical packages, to build more sophisticated and complex query interfaces for their desktop applications.
Q: What is Data Access Language (DAL)?
A: Data Access Language (DAL) (formerly called CL/1) is Apple's client/server protocol for remote data access and is based on ANSI standard SQL (structured query language). DAL is optimized to provide decision support applications with uniform access to data regardless of the different brands of databases, the different host platforms, or the different types of networks. DAL is intended for Macintosh applications that need ad-hoc access to data from multiple data sources. While performance oriented applications, such as transaction processing applications, can use DAL, such applications, especially in a single database vendor environment, could be better served by the many solutions available from third party Macintosh database and tool vendors such as Informix, Ingres, Oracle, Sybase and others. DAL uniquely addresses the needs of customers with databases from multiple database vendors.
The DAL client software is included as a part of System 7.0 and can be transparently accessed by applications written to the Data Access Manager API. These applications can then access data from DAL servers running on host computers, across all DAL supported networks. Therefore, with the Data Access Manager and the included DAL client software in System 7, applications can "speak" in an identical fashion to many different types of host databases.
Apple Computer Inc. is currently delivering DAL servers through APDA for the
following environments:
-VAX/VMS (for DEC Rdb, Informix, Ingres, Oracle and Sybase)
-MVS/TSO (for IBM DB2)
-VM/CMS (for IBM SQL/DS)
- DEC also provides DAL as a part of the DEC PathWORKS product.
Apple Computer Inc. is also working with software and hardware vendors to extend DAL client and server support to other industry platforms.
Q: What's Apple's database story?
A: The Macintosh has always been the platform for unique and innovative applications and this extends to the database world. Products like 4th Dimension (ACIUS), Omnis 5 (Blyth), Foxbase+/Mac (Fox Software) and Double Helix (Odesta) provide Macintosh users with state-of-the-art data management and application development capability. In addition, all the major cross-platform corporate database and application tool vendors have also endorsed the Macintosh and delivered both client and server products - ORACLE for Macintosh, ORACLE Server for A/UX (Oracle), Informix SE for A/UX (Informix), Ingres Server for A/UX (Ingres).
Apple Computer Inc. intends to continue to provide all the elements needed to make the Macintosh a complete platform both for stand-alone and client/server database applications. Towards this end, Apple has announced various products targeted at making the Macintosh the ideal database client platform. The Data Access Manager and the Data Access Language client software included with System 7.0 further reinforce this position. These two products allow Macintosh application developers the capability to write their applications once and use the same applications to transparently access data located anywhere, local or remote. With this infrastructure in place we will work closely with the third parties to provide our customers and developers with the database tools they need to implement mission critical applications. To complete the database story, Apple and third parties are working together to make the Macintosh an equally strong platform for server applications.
Q: What is the difference between Data Access Language (DAL) and Data Access Manager?
A: The Data Access Manager is a Macintosh System interface, while the Data Access Language is Apple's client/server protocol for ad-hoc remote data access. Applications written to the Database Access Manager API can transparently access data from remote host databases using DAL. Both the Data Access Manager and the DAL client software are a part of System 7.0.
Q: Are my current 6.0 Data Access Language applications compatible with the 7.0 Data Access Manager?
A: Yes. Special care was taken to ensure that current System 6 DAL applications will work smoothly with the Data Access Manager in System 7.
Q: What can I do with Data Access Manager?
A: While today users requesting data are frequently faced with printed sheets of information, with this new System 7.0 capabilities, they will benefit greatly from the tight integration of data access capabilities in all their Macintosh applications. Users will receive data from their organizational databases directly into their applications to use as they desire rather than the way it is delivered today.
Q: If I want to stay in System 6, what version of System 6 should I use?
A: Apple recommends that you stay with your current version of System Software unless:
1) You are sharing a LaserWriter with System 7 machines.
If you are in this category then you should make sure you are running System Software 6.0.2 or greater and then install the 7.0 printing software. To install 7.0 printing software please refer to "Installing the 7.0 printing software on a System 6 machine".
2) An application requires System Software version 6.0.7.
Certain applications require specific versions of system software.
Apple also recommends that all Macintosh personal computers with at least one megabyte of RAM should be running System Software 6.0.2 or greater.
Installing the 7.0 printing software on a System 6 machine
By Floppy:
1) Insert the System 7 "Printing" disk (800k and 1.4 Meg). You do not need to boot off this disk. Simply place it in the drive of the currently running CPU you wish to update. This installation is done "live" on your current system.
2) Double click on the "Printer Update" icon.
3) Double Click on "Install".
4) The 7.0 printing software is now being installed on your system
5) After choosing "Quit" your system has been updated to the 7.0 printing software and is immediately ready to print in a System 7 environment.
Over the network:
1) Ask your network administrator where the "Printer Update" installer is located on your network and then go to that folder
2) Locate and double click on the "Printer Update" icon.
3) Double Click on "Install".
4) The 7.0 printing software is now being installed on your system
5) After choosing "Quit" your system has been updated to the 7.0 printing software and is immediately ready to print in a System 7 environment.
Q: Does Apple Computer, Inc. have plans to add new capabilities to the System 6 series?
A: Apple Computer, Inc. does not plan to add new capabilities to the System 6 series. Apple also recommends that all Macintosh personal computers with at least one megabyte of RAM should be running System Software 6.0.2 or greater. All Macintosh computers with 2 megabytes of memory or more and a hard drive should be running System Software 7. Macintosh computers running System 6 sharing printers with Macintosh computers running system 7 should be upgraded to the System 7 printer software. This will allow LaserWriter compatibility between both systems.
Q: Will my locked removeable System 7 mount under System 6?
A: No. Any cartridge not containing a System 6 resource desktop will have to be rebuilt (or created) when brought back into a System 6 environment.
If this disk is locked or does not contain enough space for a resource desktop, System 6 will not mount the volume.Users should unlock the volume to allow a resource desktop to be created.
A System 7 hard disk with not enough space could have the same problem and not mount under System 6.0. Users should remove some files under System 7 to allow a resource desktop to be created.
Q: Can I boot System 7 from a floppy?
A: System 7 will not fit on a 800K floppy.
It is possible to use the Installer to make a bootable 1.4M floppy. To create a bootable System 7 1.4M floppy, use the “customize” option of the Installer to install the Minimum System for your Macintosh computer. This creates a bootable version that is very limited and contains minimal functionality for the Macintosh. It is not recommended that you use this bootable as your main system but only as an emergency disk.
Bootable disks are also provided in both the System 7 800K and 1.4M disk suite on the "Disk Tools" disk. The 800K format contains a 6.0 bootable system and the 1.4M format contains a 7.0 bootable system.
Custom installation allows you to select the exact combination of system files, drivers, and other resources you want. You can use this process for initial installation, for updating to a new version of System Software, for installing a single special resource, or for saving space on your startup disk by eliminating software that isn’t essential.
When you click "Customize" you have a choice of standard or minimal system files for each model of the Macintosh computer. Insert and select the 1.44 Mb floppy where you want to install System 7, choose the option Minimal for your Macintosh computer then click Install.
Q: I dropped a file on my System Folder - where did it go?
A: When you drop a file onto the System Folder, the system will automatically place the file in the right place in the System Folder. As a result, people should not have to worry about where different things go in their System Folder.
You must drop the file onto the icon of the System Folder. If you drop the file into the open window of the System Folder, the system will not automatically place the file in the appropriate location.
The system puts fonts into the system file. Control Panels go into the Control Panels folder. System Extensions [INITs] are placed into the Extension folder. Desk Accessories are placed in the Apple Menu Items folder.
If you want to put a system extension [INIT], control panel, font, etc. in an other location within the System Folder, open the System Folder and drag the elements directly where you want them to be.
Q: What are the new Sound capabilities in System 7?
A: System 7 offers some exciting new sound capabilities that customers will see as software developers revise their applications for sound.
For the first time, Macintosh computers with System 7 can play several sounds at once. For example, you could be playing a Beethoven track and a voice track at the same time. In addition, you can work on other things while the system plays a sound.
System 7 offers sound-input capabilities for the microphone of the Macintosh IIsi and the Macintosh LC. With sound-in, applications can start offering features like voice annotation of documents.
Finally, System 7 has built in audio compression so that you can have larger sounds than ever before because the sounds can be squeezed down to save disk space.
Q: Can I reset Parameter RAM (PRAM) in System 7?
A: Yes, you can reset parameter RAM in System 7, but the procedure has changed from system 6.
TO RESET PARAMETER RAM
1. Locate the following keys on your keyboard - command, option, "p", and "r". You will need to hold these keys down simultaneously in step 2.
2. Reboot your Macintosh and press the command-option-"p"-"r" key combination. You must be pressing this key combination before you get to the Welcome to Macintosh screen.
3. Hold the key combination until the Macintosh restarts itself.
4. Your Macintosh's parameter RAM will be reset to the default values. The clock setting will not, however, be changed.
Q: What happened to the "Drive" button the Open and Save dialog boxes?
A: The Drive button in the Open, Save, and Save As dialog boxes has been replaced by the "Desktop" button. By clicking on the Desktop button, you will see all of the hard disks, floppies, file servers, and folders which you have on your Macintosh desktop. To move to a specific disk, you can now go directly to the disk you want without having to move sequentially from one disk drive to the next.
Q: I heard there's a way to force a hung application to quit under system 7 - what is it?
A: Built into system 7 is the ability to force an application to terminate. It is accomplished by simultaneously pressing the command-option-escape keys. This capability should be used with extreme caution and definitely should not be relied on as a general way to quit an application. It is particularly useful in the event that you have unsaved work in other applications when your current application hangs. By using this "forced quit" feature, you can return to Finder so that you can save the work in your other applications. It is advisable to restart your computer after using this feature.
Q: How much memory do I need with System 7 and a Macintosh IIsi?
A: If you want to run system 7 on a Macintosh IIsi with 2 megabytes of RAM and are using the built-in video capabilities of that computer, Apple recommends that you first add additional RAM. System 7 will work on such a configuration, but you have limited space for running your application software.
Q: Can I use a 8•24 GC Card with System 7?
A: Yes - you can use your 8•24 GC card with system 7. The current version of the GC software (GC Init v1.0), however, will not work when acceleration is turned on. A new version 2.0 of the GC software will be available in summer 91 that allows the acceleration feature to work with system 7. For the time being, please run your card without acceleration enabled and it will work fine with system 7.
Q: Can I continue to use MacroMaker™ software program macros that I created in System 6?
A: No. MacroMaker is not supported with System 7.
Q: Do I need the 32-bit QuickDraw INIT with System 7?
A: No. 32-Bit QuickDraw has been integrated into System 7 and the INIT is no longer needed to add the benefits of 32-Bit QuickDraw to the System.
Please be advised that the System 7 Installer will delete the 32-Bit QuickDraw INIT from your System Folder during installation.
